Home / Projects / (Re)Collection
Re(Collection) is an initiative to create a compendium of the Boston area’s new media history that is also inclusive of the interrelated fields of electronic media, communications and computing.
The goal is to federate increasingly detailed information from widely disparate sources that hold related collections. The “starter” set below consists of links to hundreds of resources across tens of categories. In the future there will be links to thousands of resources across hundreds of categories.
Use this menu to navigate to categories of resources on this page.
New Media Photography, Sound
Communications Telephone, Internet, TheWorld
Computing Museums, Early, MA Miracle, Athena, Personal Computing
Hypermedia Memex, WWW
Learning AI, Logo, OpenCourseWare
Games Spacewar!, Zork, Harmonix
Immersion Damocles, LEEP, Active Worlds, Particle Mirror
The New Media Reader (Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort, MIT Press)
MIT Media in Transition Project Archive (MIT)
MIT Media-in-Transition International Conference (MIT)
Empowering Authors in the Digital Age (Bob Stein, MIT Media in Transition Conference)
New Media Design (John Maeda, MIT Media in Transition Conference)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum’s archive includes two linear feet of records of M. E. Hopper’s work on the MIT Media in Transition Project.
MIT Media in Transition Project Collection (New Media Museum)
New Media@Boston Project (New Media Museum)
New Media@Boston: Media & Perception (New Media Museum)
Media Collection (New Media Museum)
New Media Library Project (New Media Museum)
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Inventing the Medium (Janet H. Murray)
Janet Murray (Wikipedia)
Inventing the Medium (Janet H. Murray, New Media Reader)
Hamlet on the Holodeck (Wikipedia)
Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace (Janet Murray, PB Works)
Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace (Janet Murray, MIT Press)
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MIT Media Lab (Official Website)
MIT Media Lab (Wikipedia)
MIT Media Lab History (Official Website)
Nicholas Negroponte (MIT Media Lab)
Soft Architecture Machines (Nicholas Negroponte, Research Gate)
Nicholas Negroponte (Wikipedia)
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Glorianna Davenport (MIT Media Lab)
Glorianna Davenport (Wikipedia)
A Tribute to Glorianna Davenport (MIT Media Lab)
A Tribute to Glorianna Davenport (MIT Media Lab, YouTube Video)
Elastic Charles (MIT Docubase)
Creating and Viewing the Elastic Charles (Hans Peter Brondmo and Glorianna Davenport, MIT Media Lab)
New Orleans in Transition, 1983-1986: The Interactive Delivery of a Cinematic Case Study (Glorianna Davenport, MIT Media Lab)
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John Underkoffler (MIT Media Lab)
John Underkoffler (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Pointing to the future of UI (John Underkoffler, TED Video)
MIT Grad Directs Spielberg in the Science of Moviemaking (Darren J. Clarke, MIT News Office)
Technologies in Minority Report (Wikipedia)
From Polaroid Pictures to Perception: Enter the world of Edwin Land’s Retinex Theory (Polaroid Journal)
Polaroid Corporation (Official Website)
Polaroid Corporation (Wikipedia)
Edwin H. Land & the Polaroid Corporation: The Formative Years (Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School)
Exhibit’s Digital Archival Resources (Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School)
Polaroid Corporation Annual Reports (Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School)
The Polaroid Project (What Will You Remember?)
Polaroid Project Online (MIT Museum)
Polaroid Corporation Objects (MIT Museum)
Image of innovation: Edwin H. Land, Developer of Instant Photography (William G. Schulz, International Society for Optics and Photonics)
Generation of Greatness: The Idea of a University in an Age of Science (Edwin H. Land, MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory)
Edwin Land and Polaroid Photography (American Chemical Society)
Edwin Land (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Edwin H. Land (Wikipedia)
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Harold Edgerton (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Harold Edgerton (Wikipedia)
The Edgerton Digital Collections (MIT Museum)
Freezing Time: Edgerton and the Beauty of the Machine Age (Exhibit February 5, 2026 – October 8, 2026, MIT Museum)
MIT Museum To Open Freezing TIME: Edgerton and the Beauty of the Machine Age Celebrating Photography Pioneer Harold “Doc” Edgerton (MIT Museum)
High-Speed Imaging (MIT Edgerton Center)
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Stephen Benton (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Stephen A. Benton (MIT Media Lab)
Stephen A. Benton (Optica)
Stephen Benton (Wikipedia)
Optiker: Stephen Benton’s Holograms (MIT Museum)
MIT Museum Presents “Optiker” Hologram Installation (MIT Museum)
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Amar Bose (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Amar Bose (Wikipedia)
About Bose Corporation (Bose Corporation)
Bose Corporation (Wikipedia)
Amar Bose and Bose Corporation Timeline (Bose Corporation)
Amar Bose and Bose Corporation (Music Museum of New England)
Verizon Museum of Innovation in Communications
The Boston Museum is Off-limits to Almost Everyone (Scott Kirsner, Boston Globe)
The History of Broadband in Boston (1876 → 2025)
MIT Communications Forum (2016 – 2002)
MIT Communications Forum & MIT Research Program on Communications Policy: Records 1985 – 1999 (MIT Archives Space)
Ithiel de Sola Pool (MIT Media in Transition)
Ithiel de Sola Pool (Wikipedia)
Ithiel de Sola Pool Papers (MIT Archives Space)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum’s archive includes five linear feet of records of M. E. Hopper’s work on the MIT Communications Forum. The New Media Museum holds complete records of Hopper’s work, her writing and editing of over fifty “summaries” of events, her communication with well-known speakers about those as well as complete backups of the original Web sites she managed.
One of Hopper’s many duties was to organize an archive and create a finding aid about the history of the organization. The archive includes copies of all of the posters and summaries for every event that was run by the organization since its inception in 1985 until the year 2000. This is inclusive of the time when it was under the auspices of the Research Program on Communications Policy before it was transferred to the MIT Comparative Media Studies Program. Hopper created three copies of the archive. One copy was given to the Comparative Media Studies program office, one copy went to the MIT Archives and one copy remained with her as part of her portfolio and is now in the New Media Museum’s archive.
MIT Communications Forum & Research Program on Communications Policy Collections (New Media Museum)
First Intelligible Voice Transmission over Electric Wire, 1876 (IEEE Boston Section, IEEE Milestones in Electrical Engineering and Computing Program)
Bell’s First Phone Call Made History 150 Years Ago in Boston (Andrea Shea, WBUR)
Where did Alexander Graham Bell’s lab go? Is it still in Boston? (Reddit)
Birthplace of the Telephone (Atlas Obscura)
Researches in Telephony by Alexander Graham Bell, in: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (150 Years in the Stacks, MIT Libraries)
Alexander Graham Bell Artifacts (MIT Museum)
Alexander Bell (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Alexander Graham Bell (National Inventors Hall of Fame)
Alexander Graham Bell (Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
Alexander Graham Bell (Wikipedia)
Celebrating 150 Years of the History of the Telephone! (Charles River Museum of Industry & Innovation)
The Telephone at 150: Innovation, Society, and Change (YouTube Video, Charles River Museum of Industry & Innovation)
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The Telephone Museum (Official Website)
The Telephone Museum (Wikipedia)
Telephone Museum (Boston Central)
Leonard Kleinrock, the TX-2 and the Seeds of the Internet (Internet Hall of Fame)
Why a Ring? (Jerome H. Saltzer and David D. Clark, MIT LCS)
BBN’s Earliest Days: Founding a Culture of Engineering Creativity (Leo L. Beranek)
Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. (Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
Bolt Beranek and Newman: The Winning Bid -1968 (The History of Computer Communications)
The Third University of Cambridge: BBN and the Development of the ARPAnet (Good Science Project)
Leo L. Beranek (Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
Leo Beranek (Wikipedia)
Richard Bolt (Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
Richard Bolt (Wikipedia)
Robert Bradford Newman: Lectures in Architectural Acoustics (Newman Student Award Fund)
Joseph C. R. Licklider (J. A. N. Lee, Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Society)
J.C.R. Licklider Papers (MC 499, MIT ArchiveSpace)
The Promise and Practice of Curating Legacy Software: Exploring the J.C.R. Licklider Papers (Alexandra Chassanoff, MIT Libraries)
J. C. R. Licklider (Wikipedia)
The World was the first commercial ISP in the world that provided a direct connection to the internet, with its first customer logging on in November 1989.
TheWorld (Official Website)
About TheWorld (Official Website)
History Of The World — Our Version (Official Website)
Barry Shein’s Home Page (The World)
The First ISP (Spike Ilacqua)
The World (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum’s “Services” collection includes over ten linear feet of books, articles and documentation related to advanced National Information Infrastructure (NII) internet services that were developed at the same time as the World Wide Web was gaining popularity. Most of this material was gathered as part of Mary Hopper’s work editing a final report on the Networked Multimedia Information Services (NMIS) Project that ran from 1993 to 1997. The project focused the “end to end” problem (i.e. how multimedia information will be created, regulated, distributed, paid for and used by consumers). It was a jointly undertaken by MIT, Dartmouth and CMU. It was sponsored by IBM, Turner Broadcasting, DARPA and the NSF. The New Media Museum’s records include extensive background documentation beyond what appears in the report, and they specifically include information about the evolution of cutting edge telecommunications infrastructure in the Boston area. NMIS also conducted research about telephony, standards, security, electronic commerce as well as interoperability between telephone, cable and satellite communications.
MIT Networked Multimedia Information Services Report (M. E. Hopper, Editor)
The Computer Museum, Boston (Archival Website)
The Computer Museum, Boston (Wikipedia)
Out of a Closet: The Early Years of The Computer Museum (Gordon Bell)
A Click by Click Tour of TCM.ComputerHistory.org (Gordon Bell, Computer History Museum)
The Computer Museum Timeline (The Computer Museum)
TCM Pioneer Computer Lecture Series (The Computer Museum)
Computer Pioneers: Pioneer Computers Part 1 (Computer History Museum, YouTube)
Computer Pioneers: Pioneer Computers Part 2 (Computer History Museum, YouTube)
TCM Lectures and Historical Videos (Computer History Museum, YouTube Playlist)
Computer History Museum Exhibits (Computer History Museum)
A Tinkertoy Computer that Plays Tic-Tac-Toe (A. K. Dewdney, Constructing Modern Knowledge)
Tinker Toy Computer (Daniel Hillis and Brian Silverman, Computer History Museum)
Walk-Through Computer (The Computer Museum)
The Virtual Fish Tank Exhibit (Computer History Museum)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum’s archive includes correspondence with Gordon Bell regarding his online resources about the Computer Museum in Boston and the initiative to create the NEW Computer Museum in Boston. The correspondence also includes conversation about the respective virtual museums, permission to use media from his site for the NEW Media Museum Virtual Edition, and his responses to the resulting video and guide.
NEW Computer Museum
NEW Computer Museum Guide (NEW Computer Museum)
Pioneers Posters Exhibit (New Media Museum)
Computer Museums: Here and there, Now and Then (M.E. Hopper, Vintage Computing Festival Southeast 2.0)
Computer Museums: Here and there, Now and Then (M. E. Hopper, Microsoft NERD Center)
Computation Collection (New Media Museum)
Bush’s Analog Solution (Computer History Museum)
Vannevar Bush’s Differential Analyzer (Kent H Lundberg, MIT)
Differential Analyzer Machines (Stan Augarten, Bit by Bit: An Illustrated History of Computers)
Differential Analyzers (Michael R. Williams, Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
Differential Analyzer (Wikipedia)
Vannevar Bush (New Media Museum)
Vannevar Bush (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Vannevar Bush (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
Vannevar Bush Collection (New Media Museum)
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Harvard IBM Mark I – Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments)
IBM’s ASCC Introduction a.k.a. The Harvard Mark I (IBM Archives)
Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, Lecture by Grace Hopper (Computer History Museum, YouTube Video)
Harvard Mark I, 2022 (CS50, Harvard University, YouTube Video)
The Story of Mark I (Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments, YouTube Video)
About the Mark I (Harvard University Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments)
Harvard Mark I (Wikipedia)
Down to the Details, a Giant in Computing History: Harvard Mark I Exhibit Gets an Upgrade (Alvin Powell, Harvard Gazette)
Mark 1, Rebooted (News, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences)
Aiken and the Mark I (Stan Augarten, Bit by Bit: An Illustrated History of Computers)
The Education of a Computer (Grace Murray Hopper, Remmington Rand Corporation)
Grace Hopper, Computing Pioneer (Walter Isaacson, Harvard Gazette)
Grace Murray Hopper (Computer History Museum)
Grace Hopper (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum has records related to Grace Hopper that M. E. Hopper accumulated over the course of her career (often due to her shared surname). This includes pictures and videos taken at an event at Harvard on April 3, 2014 that celebrated the renovation of the Mark I. The records include the original unedited version of a video of the Mark I running.
New Media@Boston: Harvard’s Mark I & Hopper (New Media Museum)
Grace Hopper Collection (New Media Museum)
Mark I Turned on and working! (NEW Computer Museum)
Winter fun! (Walter Isaacson’s visit to Harvard (NEW Computer Museum)
Mark I Running (Filmed by Mary E. Hopper, Narrated by Alan Wu)
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Whirlwind Computer, 1944-1959 (IEEE Boston Section, IEEE Milestones in Electrical Engineering and Computing Program)
The Rise and Fall of Project Whirlwind (Meesue Kim, MIT Computation Archives)
Whirlwind Core Memory Unit (MIT Museum)
A Sequence of Actions (MIT Museum Exhibit)
Project Whirlwind Collection (MC-0665, MIT ArchivesSpace)
Project Whirlwind Finding Aids and Reports (MIT Libraries)
The Whirlwind Computer (The Computer Museum)
Whirlwind: Preparing the Way for SAGE (Computer History Museum)
The Whirlwind Computer at CHM (Guy Fedorkow, Computer History Museum)
Simulator for 1950’s MIT Whirlwind Computer (Guy Fedorkow, GitHub)
Jay Forrester on the Whirlwind Computer (Computer History Museum, YouTube Video)
The Many Careers of Jay Forrester (Peter Dizikes, MIT Technology Review)
Jay W. Forrester (Computer History Museum)
Jay Wright Forrester Papers (MIT Archives Space)
Jay Wright Forrester (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
New Media@Boston: MIT’s Whirlwind & Forrester (New Media Museum)
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SAGE: The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (MIT Lincoln Laboratory)
Reflections on SAGE (MIT Lincoln Laboratory)
SAGE — Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, 1951-1958 (IEEE Boston Section, IEEE Milestones in Electrical Engineering and Computing Program)
SAGE: Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, 1951-1958 (Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
SAGE: Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (Wikipedia)
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Wesley A. Clark (IEEE Computer Society)
Wesley Clark (History of Communications)
Wesley A. Clark Interview (James L. Pelkey & Wesley A. Clark, Computer History Museum)
The Most Influential Scientists in the Development of Medical Informatics (33): Wesley Allison Clark (National Library of Medicine)
Wesley A. Clark (Wikipedia)
TX-0 Computer History (John A. McKenzie, DSpace@MIT)
The TX-0: Its Past and Present (The Computer Museum via Way Back Machine)
The Computer Pioneers: The TX-0 (Engineering and Technology History Wiki)
TX-0 (Wikipedia)
TX-2 Simulator Project: Re-creating the Historically Important TX-2 Computer (GitHub)
TX-2 (Wikipedia)
Resource Page on Early HCI Research by the Lincoln Lab TX-2 Group (Bill Buxton)
Ivan Sutherland (ACM Turing Award)
Ivan Sutherland (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Ivan Sutherland (Wikipedia)
The TX-2 Computer and Sketchpad (Ivan Sutherland, MIT Lincoln Laboratory)
Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System (Ivan E. Sutherland, ACM Digital Library)
Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System (Ivan Edward Sutherland, DSpace@MIT)
Sketchpad (Computer History Museum)
Sketchpad (Bill Buxton, YouTube Video)
Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo 1963 (Interface Studies, YouTube Video)
Sketchpad (Wikipedia)
Leonard Kleinrock, the TX-2 and the Seeds of the Internet (Internet Hall of Fame)
The LINC Was Early and Small (Wesley A. Clark)
A Functional Description of the L-1 Computer (Wesley A. Clark, MIT Lincoln Laboratory)
The Design, Building, and Use of the First Laboratory Computer: LINC (Wes Clark, Computer History Museum, YouTube Video)
A New Approach to Computers (Computer History Museum)
LINC: Laboratory INstrument Computer (Wikipedia)
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Project MAC (Tom Van Vleck, Multicians)
Project MAC: Progress Report VII, July 1969 to July 1970 – DTIC (MIT)
Project MAC (MIT Museum)
Project MAC (MIT ArchivesSpace)
Project MAC (Wikipedia)
Time-Sharing on Computers (R. M. Fano and F. J. Corbató, Scientific American)
CTSS-The Compatible Time-Sharing System (F.J. Corbato, M. Merwin-Daggett, R.C. Daley, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing)
The Compatible Time-Sharing System: A Programmer’s Guide (MIT)
Compatible Time-Sharing System (Wikipedia)
Incompatible Timesharing System (Computer History Wiki)
PDP-10/its: Incompatible Timesharing System (github.com/pdp-10, Hacker News)
ITS: Incompatible Timesharing System (Wikipedia)
Multics History (MIT)
Introduction and Overview of the Multics System (Corbato, F.J., and V.A.Vyssotsky, Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference)
Multics History Project (Olin Sibert, Computer History Museum)
Multics History Project (Multicians)
Multics: Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (Wikipedia)
Route 128: The Development of a Regional High technology Economy (Nancy S. Dorfman, Science Direct)
The Massachusetts Miracle: High Technology and Economic Revitalization First Edition (David Lampe, Editor)
Route 128 Opens Boston’s High Tech Age (Mass Moments)
Route 128: America’s First High Tech Region (Route 128 History)
Route 128: A Route 128 Timeline (Route 128 History)
Massachusetts Miracle (Wikipedia)
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Digital Equipment Corporation (Computer History Museum)
Gordon Bell’s CyberMuseum for Digital Equipment Corp (DEC): Documents, Photo Albums, Talks, and Videotapes about Computing History (Gordon Bell)
Digital Museum (The Computer Museum)
Digital Equipment Corporation Brochures (Computer History Museum)
Guide to the Digital Equipment Corporation Records (Computer History Museum)
Digital Equipment Corporation Records Guide (Online Archive of California)
Digital Equipment Corporation Records (Online Archive of California)
DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation (Wikipedia)
Digital Man/Digital World (PBS)
Ken Olsen (Wikipedia)
PDP: Programmed Data Processor (Wikipedia)
List of Programmed Data Processors (Computer History Wiki)
The PDP-1: The Machine That Started Hacker Culture (Dan Maloney, Hackaday)
PDP-1 Restoration Project (Computer History Museum)
PDP-1 (Wikipedia)
DEC’s Minis Get Bigger (Computer History Museum)
The Historical Significance of DEC and the PDP-7, -8, -11 & VAX (Liam_on_Linux, Live Journal)
DEC’s Blockbuster: The PDP-8 (Computer History Museum)
PDP-10 (Joe Smith)
Shiresoft, Inc.: Committed to the Preservation and Restoration of DEC Computers (Guy Sotomayor)
DEC Technical Documentation (Rhode Island Computer Museum)
The DEC Emulation Website (healyzh)
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Thwarted at DEC, Thriving at Data General (Computer History Museum)
Data General Corporation (Computer History Museum)
Data General (Official Website, Way Back Machine)
Data General Computers (Carl Friend’s Minicomputer Museum)
Data General (Wikipedia)
The Soul of a New Machine (Tracy Kidder, Open Library)
The Soul of a New Machine (Wikipedia)
Tracy Kidder – November 12, 1945 – March 24, 2026 (Charles River Museum of Industry & Innovation)
Data General – Various Documents and Reminiscences (Forum Thread, Vintage Computer Federation)
Data General Alumni (Facebook Group)
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Wang Laboratories: From Success to Success to… (Computer History Museum)
Wang Laboratories, Inc. Brochures (Computer History Museum)
Riding the Runaway Horse: The Rise and Decline of Wang Laboratories (Charles Kenney)
Wang Computers ‘Giant Killers’ Commercial (Bionic Disco, YouTube Video)
Wang Laboratories & Computers (YouTube Videos)
Baker Library’s Historical Collections Receive Papers of Computer Pioneer and Philanthropist An Wang (Harvard Business School)
Wang Laboratories, Inc. Records, 1948-1992 (Baker Library Special Collections and Archives, Harvard Business School)
Wang Laboratories, Inc. (Harvard Libraries)
Wang Documentation (Rhode Island Computer Museum)
Wang Materials (Rhode Island Computer Museum)
The Unofficial WANG VS Information Center
Wang Museum (janvdveen)
Wang Laboratories Alumni (Facebook)
An Wang (J. A. N. Lee, Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Society)
An Wang – The Man Who Might Have Invented The Personal Computer (I-Programmer)
An Wang (Lemelson-MIT Program)
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The History Of Prime Computer, Inc. (Prime Hosting Service)
PR1ME Time (Computer History Museum)
Prime Computer (The History of Computer Communications)
Prime Computer (Wikipedia)
Prime 50-Series emulator announcement (Dennis Boone, ClassicCmp)
Prime documentation (Dennis Boone, ClassicCmp)
Prime Computer Corner (Malcolm Hoar)
Comp.Sys.Prime FAQ (Malcolm Hoar)
Doctor Who Prime Computer (TV Tropes)
All Tom Baker Doctor Who Prime Computer Ads (TardisGirlFrance)
Prime Computer Alumni World Wide (Facebook Group)
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Apollo Computer: The Forgotten Workstations (Donald Papp, Hackaday)
Apollo Frequently Asked Questions (Nickolai Zeldovich, MIT)
The Apollo Archive
Apollo/Domain Workstations (Wikipedia)
Apollo Computer (Wikipedia)
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Looking Back at Project Athena (Eva Charles Anna Frederick, MIT News)
Perspectives on Project Athena (Ronald L. Orcutt and Earll M. Murman, ACM SIGUCCS)
Project Athena: Supporting Distributed Computing at MIT (J. M. Arfman and P. Roden, IBM Systems Journal)
Athena History from A to Z (MIT)
Project Athena Records (MIT ArchivesSpace)
Project Athena (MIT Museum)
Project Athena (Wikipedia)
Project Athena (Grokipedia)
40 years later, X Window System is far more relevant than anyone could guess (Kevin Purdy, Ars Technica)
Debut of X Window System E-mail (Robert W. Scheifler, MIT)
X Window System (Wikipedia)
AthenaMuse Software and Visual Computing Group (Athena Historyfrom A to Z, MIT)
Projects of the MIT Visual Computing Group and Application Development Group of Project Athena (MIT)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum holds fifteen linear feet of records about Athena, the history of educational computing at MIT, and the history of computing at MIT in general. The records accumulated over M. E. Hopper’s decade of various types of academic involvement with Athena and the Center for Educational Computing Initiatives under the direction of Steven R. Lerman. Her roles evolved from writing her doctoral research about academic computing projects that used Athena (TODOR, Mechanics 2.01 Problem Set Solutions) and AthenaMuse (Physical Geology Tutor) to eventually working on the final cleanup and documentation of AthenaMuse 2.2 (multimedia extensions to X-Windows). There are three linear feet of records about the creation, functionality and use of AthenaMuse and the projects that used the software as well as tapes and transcriptions of oral histories about many projects at MIT.
Usable Software in Advanced Educational Computing Projects (M. E. Hopper, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics)
The Role of Learners in the Construction of Successful Courseware Projects in Distributed Academic Computing Environments (M. E. Hopper, Presentation at Annual Meeting of American Educational Research Association)
A Project About Projects: Watching Academic E-Media Projects Evolve (M. E. Hopper, MIT Media-in-Transition Conference)
Methods for Studying Educational Computing Projects: Challenges and Opportunities (M. E. Hopper, History of Computers in Education SIG, IFIP World Computer Congress Conference Proceedings).
Wisdom from Athena: A Paradigm for Precognition (M. E. Hopper, Presentation at SIGCIS Workshop: Recomputing the History of Information Technology, Society of History of Technology)
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The Short History of NeXT (Simson Garfinkel)
The NeXT Computer Historical Site (Simson Garfinkel)
Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing (High Tech History)
NeXT (Wikipedia)
Boston Computer Society (Boston Linux & UNIX User Group)
Boston Computer Society (Wikipedia)
Boston Computer Society Alumni Network (Facebook)
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Bill Gates at Harvard with Walter Isaacson (Harvard Magazine)
When Bill Gates Wrote Microsoft’s First Code on a Harvard Mainframe (Caroline G. Hennigan and Saketh Sundar, Harvard Crimson)
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Software Arts & VisiCalc (Dan Bricklin)
VisiCorp (The Centre for Computing History)
VisiCorp Corporate Records (Computer History Museum)
VisiCorp (Wikipedia)
VisiCalc (Wikipedia)
Meet the Inventor of the Electronic Spreadsheet (Dan Bricklin, TEDxBeaconStreet)
Dan Bricklin (Official Website)
Dan Bricklin (Wikipedia)
Bob Frankston (Official Website)
Bob Frankston (Wikipedia)
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History of Lotus 1-2-3 (High Tech History)
Lotus Position: IBM kills the name, but Software and Founders live on (Julie Sartain, Network World)
Lotus Software (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
Application Software Collection (New Media Museum)
Personal Computer Collection (New Media Museum)
As We May Think (Vannevar Bush, The Atlantic)
Memex Animation – Vannevar Bush’s Diagrams Made Real (YouTube)
Memex (Wikipedia)
Symposium Celebrates Vannevar Bush vision (October 4, 1995)
MIT/Brown Vannevar Bush Symposium (Doug Engelbart Institute)
Vannevar Bush (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Vannevar Bush (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museums has three linear feet of records related to Vannevar Bush and Memex that M. E. Hopper collected while working on related projects and presentations at MIT. One resource is a complete set of video tapes of the MIT/Brown Vannevar Bush Symposium held at MIT in 1995. Hopper discovered that the MIT Networked Multimedia Information Services project she was working on had been a partner for the event, and it was the funding source for broadcasting it over the Mbone. At that point in time videos of the event were not posted online and publically available. The New Media Archive includes correspondence between Hopper and Michael L. Dertouzos at MIT about permission to obtain a full set of the videos for review in an attempt to get permission to publish them and use them for academic purposes. There is also correspondence with Rosemary Simpson at Brown University about obtaining permission to publish them. Permission was not granted, but most of the videos were eventually published by the Doug Engelbart Institute. However, some videos in the New Media Museum’s collection have never been published.
Hypertext in Historical Context: Vannevar Bush and Ted Nelson Revisited (Mary Hopper & Mark Bernstein, Presentation at MIT Communications Forum/Media-in-Transition)
Knowledge Systems 101: From Alexandria to Hitchhiker’s Guide (M. E. Hopper, Short Course, MIT Independent Activity Period).
Knowledge Navigation Collection (New Media Museum)
Vannevar Bush Collection (New Media Museum)
Trailblazers Collection (New Media Museum)
Hypertext and Hypermedia Collection (New Media Museum)
World Wide Web (Wikipedia)
History of the World Wide Web (Wikipedia)
Hypertext and Our Collective Destiny (Tim Berners-Lee, 1995 MIT/Brown Vannevar Bush Symposium, Doug Engelbart Institute)
A Brief History of the World Wide Web (Tim Berners-Lee, CERN)
World Wide Web Consortium (MIT CSAIL)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Tim Berners-Lee (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Tim Berners-Lee (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum’s collection includes resources related to the development and evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW/Web). Artifacts include an HTML specification (printed/used in 1993) and an authorized copy of Tim Berners-Lee’s talk at the 1995 MIT/Brown Vannevar Bush Symposium.
The Research Conference Where AI Began (Dartmouth)
A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence (John McCarthy, Marvin Minksy, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude E. Shannon)
Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence (Wikipedia)
The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years (James Moor, AI Magazine)
Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years (Wikipedia)
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John McCarthy (ACM Turing Award)
Reminiscences on the History of Timesharing (John McCarthy)
John McCarthy (Wikipedia)
History of LISP (John McCarthy)
History of LISP (John McCarthy, ACM History of Programming Languages)
History of LISP (Paul McJone, Software Preservation Group, Computer History Museum)
John McCarthy (PDP-1 Restoration Project, Computer History Museum)
LISP History (Kent Pitman, Lisp HyperSpec)
LISP (Hacker News)
Overview and Introduction to Lisp (Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, MIT OpenCourseWare)
LISP (Wikipedia)
MIT Lisp Machine Final Version Recovered After 35 Years! (Eric Moore)
Lisp Machines (Wikipedia)
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The Essential Message: Claude Shannon and the Making of Information Theory (Erico Marui Guizzo, DSpace@MIT)
Claude E. Shannon’s Development of Information Theory 1939-1967 (IEEE Boston Section)
Claude Shannon (Wikipedia)
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ELIZA—A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine (Joseph Weizenbaum, Communications of the ACM)
ELIZA (Wikipedia)
Joseph Weizenbaum, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, 85 (MIT News)
Joseph Weizenbaum Personal Archives (MIT Archives Space)
Joseph Weizenbaum (Wikipedia)
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This week in The History of AI at AIWS.net – Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy founded the MIT AI Lab (AI World Society)
A Marriage of Convenience: The Founding of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Stefanie Chiou, Craig Music, Kara Sprague, Rebekah Wahba, Way Back Machine)
Early Artificial Intelligence Projects: A Student Perspective (Heather Knight & Thomas Greene, CSAIL)
AI Memos: 1959 – 2004 (DSpace@MIT)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT ArchivesSpace)
Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry (Marvin Minsky & Seymour Papert, 1972)
AI: Mind the Gap Exhibit (MIT Museum)
Exploring AI: Making the Invisible Visible (Museum of Science)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum holds extensive records and artifacts related to the community of people who pioneered the exploration of the intersections of computational media and mind at the MIT AI Lab and Media Lab. This is due to M. E. Hopper’s academic work with her doctoral adviser Robert W. Lawler. In addition, there are many resources related to his doctoral advisers Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert. Some specific resources are described in sections below.
Robert W. Lawler (Learning and Computing)
Learning and Computing (Robert W. Lawler)
Natural Learning Case Study Archives (Robert W. Lawler)
Mentors: Like Unforgetable Melodies, Colleagues Linger in the Mind (Robert Lawler, NLCSA)
The New Media Museum also holds resources related to Hopper’s educational technology related work at MIT and Lesley.
Children’s Machines Exhibit (New Media Museum)
Children’s Machines Exhibit (M. E. Hopper, Vintage Computer Festival East 9.1)
Learning and Computing Collection (New Media Museum)
Educational Robotics Collection (New Media Museum)
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Marvin Minsky (ACM Turing Award)
A Framework for Representing Knowledge (Marvin Minsky, MIT-AI Laboratory Memo 306)
The Society of Mind (Marvin Minsky, MIT Press)
The Society of Mind Course (Marvin Minsky, MIT OpenCourseware)
Society of Mind (Wikipedia)
In Memory: Marvin Minsky (MIT Media Lab)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum holds personal communication between M. E. Hopper and Marvin Minsky about the Web based version of The Society of Mind that Hopper created for him. The collection also includes the functioning Web based version made in 1995.
Marvin (M. E. Hopper, NEW Computer Museum)
Marvin Minsky at Purdue (Robert W. Lawler, Natural Learning Case Study Archives)
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Seymour Papert (MIT Media Lab)
Seymour Papert (Computer History Museum)
Seymour Papert (MIT Museum)
Seymour Papert Personal Archives (MIT ArchivesSpace)
Seymour Papert (Wikipedia)
Micro Worlds: Transforming Education (Seymour Papert)
Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas (Seymour Papert, MIT Media Lab)
Gears of my Childhood (Seymour Papert, Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas)
The Gears of My Childhood (Gary Stagers)
Uses of Technology to Enhance Education (Seymour Papert, DSpace@MIT)
In Memory: Seymour Papert (MIT Media Lab)
Thinking about Thinking about Seymour (MIT Media Lab)
New Media Museum Related Resources
Seymour (M. E. Hopper, NEW Computer Museum)
On Papert (Robert W. Lawler, Natural Learning Case Study Archives)
Seymour Papert at Purdue (Robert W. Lawler, Natural Learning Case Study Archives)
History of Logo (Cynthia Solomon et al., Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages)
Logo Tree Project Paper (P. Boytchev)
Logo Tree Project Web Site (P. Boytchev)
Logo History (Logo Foundation)
Seymour Papert: On Logo (Video Series, Logo Foundation)
MIT Logo Memos (1971-1981)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum’s collection includes many dialects of Logo and extensive educational robotics materials.
Children’s Machines Exhibit (New Media Museum)
Children’s Machines Exhibit (M. E. Hopper, Vintage Computer Festival East 9.1)
Learning and Computing Collection (New Media Museum)
Educational Robotics Collection (New Media Museum)
New Media@Boston: Logo & LEGO (New Media Museum)
MIT OpenCourseWare (MIT Official Website)
OCW Milestones (MIT OpenCourseWare)
MIT OpenCourseWare Press Conference – April 4, 2001 (YouTube, MIT OpenCourseWare)
MIT OpenCourseWare (Wikipedia)
New Media Museum Related Resources
The New Media Museum holds records about a project M. E. Hopper started in early Spring of 2001 to create a public directory of free educational materials available on the Web. She presented about this at a conference at MIT in February 2021.
Educational Courseware Production in Advanced Computing Environments (M. E. Hopper, Doctoral Dissertation)
Usable Software in Advanced Educational Computing Projects (M. E. Hopper, ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics)
The Role of Learners in the Construction of Successful Courseware Projects in Distributed Academic Computing Environments (M. E. Hopper, Annual Meeting of American Educational Research Association)
A Project About Projects: Watching Academic E-Media Projects Evolve (M. E. Hopper, MIT Media-in-Transition Conference)
Assessment in WWW-based Learning Systems: Opportunities and Challenges (M. E. Hopper, Journal of Universal Computer Science)
Methods for Studying Educational Computing Projects: Challenges and Opportunities (M. E. Hopper, History of Computers in Education SIG, IFIP World Computer Congress Conference Proceedings)
Boston’s Legacy in Video Game Innovation (Mass Technology Leadership Council)
Five MIT-Developed Video Games that Revolutionized the Industry (Amy Marcott, Slice of MIT)
Even More Groundbreaking Alumni-Developed Video Games (Amy Marcott, Slice of MIT)
Top Boston, MA Gaming Companies (Built in Boston)
Boston Area Game Companies
New Media Museum Related Resources
Beach Bum’s Magic Game Room (New Media Museum)
Games & Immersion (New Media Museum)
Game Collection (New Media Museum)
Spacewar: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums (Stewart Brand, Rolling Stone)
The Origin of Spacewar (J. Martin Graetz, Creative Computing)
The Story of Spacewar! (Computer History Museum)
Spacewar! (PDP-1 Restoration Project, Computer History Museum)
Spacewar! (Brian Silverman & Vadim Gerasimov)
Spacewar! (mass:werk – media environments)
The Enduring Legacy of Zork (Elizabeth Woyke, MIT Technology Review)
The Rise and Fall of Adventure Games (Digital Game Museum)
Zork I: The Great Underground Empire (PCjs Machines)
Zork (Parchment)
Harmonix Keeps Innovating, with Lasting Impact (Zach Winn, MIT News Office)
Harmonix Timeline (Harmonix)
Harmonix (Wikipedia)
A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display (Ivan E. Sutherland)
The Sword of Damocles (Computer History Museum)
Virtual Reality Before it Had That Name (YouTube, Computer History Museum)
Ivan Sutherland’s Head-Mounted 3D Display (Wikipedia)
Ivan Sutherland (ACM Turing Award)
Ivan Sutherland (Lemelson-MIT Program)
Ivan Sutherland (Wikipedia)
LEEP: Large Expanse Extra Perspective
Eric M. Howlett, pioneer of “Virtual Reality” (High Tech History)
A Wide Field of View High Resolution Compact Virtual Reality Display (Eric Howlett, Society for Information Display Symposium)
Eric M. Howlett (Wikipedia)
Active Worlds (Official Website)
Active Worlds (Official Wiki)
Active Worlds (Hacker News)
Active Worlds (Wikipedia)
Particle Mirror (Karl Sims Website)
The Overlap of Science and Art with Karl Sims (Audrey Woods, CSAIL Alliances)
New Media Museum Related Resources
M. E. Hopper founded Digital Den as an R & D company that designed and developed 3D applications using Unity 3D and other authoring tools to create fun and informative immersive experiences. Digital Den accumulated an extensive collection of vintage and new immersive hardware (Virtual Boy, Power Glove, Leap Motion, Mindwave, View-Master VR, GearVr, Oculus Rift DK1/2, HTC Vive etc.). The collection was used during presentations and workshops at a variety of corporate and educational events. Those are now become part of the New Media Museum’s Immersive Media Collection.
Digital Den History: 2012 – 2019 (M. E. Hopper)
Digital Den’s Immersive Interfaces Presentation (BostonTech Breakfast at Microsoft NERD Center)
Digital Den’s Immersive Interfaces Demos (BostonTech Breakfast at Microsoft NERD Center)
New Media@Boston: Games & Immersion (New Media Museum)
Fun & Games + VR, Oh My! (New Media Museum)
Immersive Interfaces Exhibit (New Media Museum)
Immersive Experiences Collection (New Media Museum)
Virtual Reality Headset Collection (New Media Museum)
Virtual Museum Project (New Media Museum)
Virtual Worlds Collection (New Media Museum)
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